日本农业标准JAS简介
看看日本的农业标准又是如何的?
Organic Product Certification According to the Japanese Agricultural Standards (JAS) – An Introduction
简介：基于日本农业标准的有机产品认证（JAS）
Remark: CERES – CERtification of Environmental Standards GmbH – is an organic certifier accredited by DAP Germany for certification according to the European Regulation 2092/91 on organic farming. CERES is in process for accreditation for the Japanese organic market, according to JAS. While this process is going on, allow our clients the access to the Japanese organic market.
备注：CRES是一个被DAP（依据关于有机农业的欧洲2092/91规则的组织）授权的有机认证者。CERER对日本有机产品市场进行授权的过程完全是根据JAS，允许我们的客户进入日本有机物市场。
1. What is organic production according to JAS?
Organic production for the Japanese market, as part of the Japanese Agricultural Standards (JAS) is regulated by Notifications No. 59, 60, 806, 818, 819, 820, 821, 830, 513, 514, and 517 of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery (MAFF), all from year 2000. On March 9, 2001, MAFF officially recognised the equivalence of EU regulation (EEC) 2092/91 with JAS standards. Thereafter, also USDA/NOP-Final was recognised as equivalent.
The accomplishment of JAS is supervised by the Dept. of Standards and Labelling of the MAFF.Currently, the standard is being revised. A new version will probably be put in force during 2005. The English version of JAS was published at: http://www.maff.go.jp/soshiki/syokuhin/hinshitu/organic/eng_yuki_top.htm
基于JAS的有机产品是：
2000年由农林渔部委（MAFF）制定的59，60，806，818，819，820，821，513，514，519和517号通告规定了日本市场的有机产品作为日本农业标准的一部分。
2001年3月9日正式决定用JAS标准代替欧盟2092/91规则。因此，美国农业部的NOP也可以用做替代。JAS标准是在MAFF标准与标识委员会指导下完成的。
当前这个标准正在修定中，新的版本可能在2005年实施，英语版的JAS已经被公布在http://www.maff.go.jp/soshiki/syokuhin/hinshitu/organic/eng_yuki_top.htm
2. Differences with EU regulation and NOP
NOP与EU_Reg的不同
Some differences with EU regulation and NOP Final Rule are: NOP和EU_Reg最终的规定有以下几点不同：
● The above-mentioned notifications do not include animal products. Certification of meat, dairy products, eggs, honey, etc. is not yet possible according to JAS. 上面所提及的通告包括动物产品、肉类、生活用品、蛋类、蜂蜜等都不能依据JAS。
● Unlike EU regulation and NOP, Notification 59 allows the use of potassium chloride (KCl) from mined sources as fertilizer. 与NOP和EU_Reg不同，59号通告允许使用矿物质中的氯化钾作为肥料。
● Unlike EU regulation and NOP, Notification 59 does not allow the use of baking powder (potassium bicarbonate), alkaline extract of humic acids and lignosulfonates (mostly used as complex builder in micronutrient fertilizer). 与NOP和EU_Reg不同，59号通告不允许使用发酵粉（碳酸氢钠钾）以及腐殖酸与木素酸化盐的碱性提取液（主要用于肥料中微量营养素的混合液）
● Unlike EU regulation and NOP, Notification 818 explicitly requests good sanitary conditions for food processors and mentions that they must "maintain superior quality of the raw material and the products".与NOP和EU_Reg不同，818号通告明确要求食品加工者有一个好的卫生条件，并且提出必须保持原材料物产品的高质量。
● The main difference, however, is that JAS requires a formally established "Grading Procedure", meaning that, before labelling the product and selling it to another company or directly exporting it to Japan, the "Grading Manager" must verify, whether organic standards and internal instructions have been implemented accordingly. For each lot, this grading procedure must be documented on a checklist, which has to be filed during at least one year. 然而最主要的不同是JAS要求建立一个正式的“分级程序”这就意味着在产品贴上标签并卖到其它公司或直接出口到日本之前，“分级管理者”必须核查是否已经按照说要求的那样执行了有机标准和内部规定，对于每一个产品，都要将分级过程记录在检查表上，然后每年至少归档一次。
● Organic exports to Japan must be labelled with the so-called "JAS mark". This is a label that includes the name of the certifier and JAS. It must be used exactly in the form as it was approved by MAFF. 出口到日本的有机物必须贴上被称为“JAS标志”的商标。这个商标包含认证者和JAS的名字，并且必须按MAFF核准的形式，准确的使用它。
● Production managers and grading responsibles must attend a JAS seminar, organized by a approved certifier, not later than one year after having obtained the first JAS certification. 产品经理和分级负责人必须参加由被授权的认证者举办的JAS研讨会。这个研讨会在获得第一个JAS认证的一年内举行。
3. Who needs to be certified
Due to the agreement on equivalence (see above), inside the EU and inside the USA, only the final handler of the product needs to be JAS certified, if he is already EU or NOP certified. In other countries, all operators involved in the chain of roduction must be JAS certified. Farmer groups can be certified as such, if they have an internal control system (see Brief Info Group Certification). A processing or export company can take care of the internal control system and grading procedure of their group of suppliers.
Exporters who do not process, pack or label themselves, need not be JAS certified.
3.谁需要认证？
在美国或欧盟内，由于有等价协议（参见上面），所以对已获得EU或NOP认证的，只有该产品的最终经营者需要获得JAS认证。在其它国家，所有与生产链有关的操作员都需要JAS认证。如果农场主们有内部控制系统的话(参见集团认证简介)，那么他们也可以照此获得认证。加工企业或出口企业可以处理内部控制系统和供应商们得分级程序。那些自己没有加工，包装和商标是不需要JAS认证的。
4.- Formal steps requested to obtain and maintain JAS certification获得和持有JAS认证的正式手续
(For general steps to organic certification, please see our "Brief information: steps to certification". Below, we only describe steps, which are specific to JAS.) 对于获得有机认证的一般手续，请参见”简
